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In World Trade Systems of the East and West , Geoffrey C. Gunn profiles Nagasaki's historic role in mediating the Japanese bullion trade, especially silver exchanged against Chinese and Vietnamese silk. Founded in 1571 as the terminal port of the Portuguese Macau ships, Nagasaki served as Japan's window to the world over long time and with the East-West trade carried on by the Dutch and, with even more vigor, by the Chinese junk trade. While the final expulsion of the Portuguese in 1646 characteristically defines the “closed” period of early modern Japanese history, the real trade seclusion policy, this work argues, only came into place one century later when the Shogunate firmly grasped the true impact of the bullion trade upon the national economy.

Precious metals --- Bullion --- Noble metals --- Metals --- Mines and mineral resources --- History. --- Nagasaki-shi (Japan) --- Asia --- Nagasaki (Japan) --- Asian and Pacific Council countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Commerce --- History --- E-books

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Aluminum shaped the twentieth century. It enabled high-speed travel and gravity-defying flight. It was the material of a streamlined aesthetic that came to represent modernity. And it became an essential ingredient in industrial and domestic products that ranged from airplanes and cars to designer chairs and artificial Christmas trees.

Aluminum. --- Aluminum industry and trade --- Social aspects. --- Aluminium --- Light metals industry --- Group 13 elements --- Light metals --- Aluminum --- Social aspects --- E-books --- SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY/History of Technology --- HUMANITIES/History --- URBANISM/Transportation --- Industrie --- Aspect social --- Industrie et commerce --- Aspect social. --- Aluminum industry and trade - Social aspects --- Métal --- Histoire de la construction --- Modernité

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This book provides a new way of understanding modern money and markets by stressing their self-fulfilling/self-destructive properties as institutions from evolutionary perspectives. In contrast to an unrealistic view of the neoclassical general equilibrium theory that models the price mechanism of a “concentrated market” without using money, presented here is an alternative theory of markets on how a realistic “dispersive market” using a stock of money and inventory as buffers can work as a multilayered price-quantitative adjustment system. The central features of modern sovereign moneys seen in inconvertible IOUs of central banknotes can be depicted as “The Emperor's New Clothes” that correspond to the U.S. dollar and the Euro void of their own value. The image captures such characteristics of national currencies as “self-fulfilling ideas” by the inertia of conventions in the past and expectations of an uncertain future. Both ideas normally make money more acceptable and circulative so that its value can become more stable unless expectations for the future turn very pessimistic. The same logic also applies to such other currencies as Bitcoin and community currencies. Their recent diffusion has shown that Hayek's idea of denationalization of money and competition between multiple currencies in terms of its qualities, not its quantities sought as in ongoing quantitative easing, become more relevant under current situations. The qualities of money refer not only to stable monetary values and low transaction costs, but also to high ability in creating, sharing, and communicating social and cultural value. The potential of the logic of self-fulfillment of ideas can thus open up a new economic society when we realize that such various non-national currencies all depend on the same logic of money.

Macroeconomics --- Economic policy and planning (general) --- Economics --- World history --- bitcoin --- economie --- economische politiek --- macro-economie --- economische geschiedenis --- Evolutionary economics. --- Macroeconomics. --- Economic history. --- Economic policy. --- Institutional/Evolutionary Economics. --- Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics. --- Economic History. --- Economic Policy. --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Evolutionary economics --- Gold --- Bitcoin --- Value --- Standard of value --- Cost --- Exchange --- Wealth --- Prices --- Supply and demand --- Cryptocurrencies --- Specie --- Native element minerals --- Precious metals --- Transition metals --- Money --- E-books

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This title presents a collection of documents relating to the monetary history of gold from the 17th century up to the present, covering specifically the rise of the gold standard, its heyday, and the period following.

Gold -- History. --- Gold standard -- History. --- Money -- History. --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- Money --- Gold standard --- Gold --- History. --- AA / International- internationaal --- 331.150 --- 333.421.1 --- -Gold standard --- -Money --- -332.422209 --- Currency --- Monetary question --- Money, Primitive --- Specie --- Standard of value --- Exchange --- Value --- Banks and banking --- Coinage --- Currency question --- Silver --- Silver question --- Wealth --- Exchange standard, Gold --- Gold exchange standard --- Standard, Gold --- International liquidity --- Bimetallism --- Native element minerals --- Precious metals --- Transition metals --- Geschiedenis van het geldwezen: algemeenheden. --- Gouden standaard. --- History --- E-books --- 332.422209 --- Geschiedenis van het geldwezen: algemeenheden --- Gouden standaard

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The trade in precious metals and stones has been linked to illicit financial flows, corruption, smuggling, drug trafficking, illicit arms trafficking, and the financing of terrorism. In addition, the extraction of precious minerals and the subsequent trade in these resources, if properly managed, present significant revenue opportunities, particularly for countries facing development needs. Building on staff expertise in anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) and technical support and analytical advice on the management of natural resources, this note is a reference guide to aid countries in using the AML/CFT framework to help combat crime related to and affecting the precious minerals sector while raising revenue.

Money laundering. --- Laundering of money --- Money washing --- Washing of money --- Commercial crimes --- Investments: Metals --- Natural Resource Extraction --- Natural Resources --- Criminology --- Tax Evasion and Avoidance --- Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Other --- Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law --- Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: General --- Metals and Metal Products --- Cement --- Glass --- Ceramics --- Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: General --- Environmental management --- Corporate crime --- white-collar crime --- Investment & securities --- Extractive industries --- Crime & criminology --- Non-renewable resources --- Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) --- Gold --- Mining sector --- Crime --- Environment --- Commodities --- Economic sectors --- Natural resources --- Money laundering --- Mineral industries --- Crime--Economic aspects --- United States